• Osteopath in Castle Hill

      Hills Osteopaths in Castle Hill

    • Frequently Treated Conditions at Hills Osteopaths

      Headaches and osteopathy

      Headaches, Migraines and Osteopathy

      The World Health Organisation recently reported that 4 per cent of adults have headache-related disorders with an estimated 190 million days lost from work in the EU alone because of migraine.

       

      Migraine leaves 90 per cent of sufferers unable to perform even the most simple of tasks, disrupting work and family life. It’s also an emotional burden. Unless you’ve had one yourself, you can never understand what it’s like to experience a headache on this scale. Problems in the neck can often exacerbate these debilitating headaches.

       

      The neck is key to other common headaches. Cervicogenic headaches (when pain specifically originates from the neck) often result from years of poor posture or postural strain from sitting at a desk. These headaches tend to present initially as pain around the ‘suboccipital region’, which is around the top of the neck and base of the skull. From here the headaches can be on one or both sides of the head, and commonly travel up towards the eyes, over the top or sides of the head. The headaches often appear on a daily basis, getting worse through the day or with sudden neck movements.

       

      If you’re living with chronic headaches, get in touch and we can assess whether osteopathy is a viable treatment.

      Shoulder Problems and Osteopathy

      Shoulder Problems and Osteopathy

      There are many types of shoulder pain. These include impingement or full/partial tears of the rotator cuff tendon, tendonitis, bursitis, and frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis). The most common we see are rotator cuff disorders. The rotator cuff is the group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint, keeping it in the correct position and allowing it to move in a controlled way.

       

      Shoulder pain tends to be worse at night, during activities that involve your arm being above shoulder level – for example, when brushing your hair – or when you move your arm in an arc away from your body.

       

      We also see repetitive strain injuries (RSI), which manifest themselves in pain, aches or tenderness in the shoulders that you notice when carrying out a particular repetitive action. Pain usually occurs on the front and side of your shoulder and may refer down towards the elbow. Without treatment, the symptoms of RSI may eventually become constant and cause longer periods of pain. You may also get swelling in the affected area, which can last for several months.

       

      An accurate diagnosis for shoulder pain is important, so you should book an assessment if the discomfort persists or worsens. If it’s appropriate, we can refer patients directly for MRI or ultrasound scan.

      Neck Pain and Osteopathy

      Neck Pain and Osteopathy

      Neck pain can radiate from the neck into the shoulders, arms or towards the shoulder blades. The discomfort can include a range of sensations – a dull ache, agonising shooting pains, tingling in the shoulders, arms and hands, as well as headaches, dizziness and nausea. Pain is often worse when turning or bending the neck, and sitting for long periods can also aggravate symptoms.

       

      Neck pain is usually caused by posture-related muscular strain or inflammation of the small joints in your neck. However it can also be brought on by a number of other conditions such as damage to the discs, trapped nerves, ‘wear and tear’ that occurs in the joints of the neck (a type of arthritis called cervical spondylosis), and “whiplash”-type injuries that can be triggered by a sudden movement of the neck.

       

      It’s always important to seek a professional assessment of your pain, particularly if it’s worsening or persistent. If your neck pain turns out to be musculoskeletal (the most common cause), it can be treated effectively with osteopathy.

      Back Pain and Osteopathy

      Back Pain and Osteopathy

      Lower back pain is normally felt between the top of the buttocks and the lower rib cage and ranges from a mild dull ache to shooting or stabbing pain. It may be a result of a number of conditions, underlying issues (stomach or gynaecological problems, for example) and illnesses, but is usually due to musculoskeletal or ‘mechanical’ strain to the joints, muscles or nerves. Patients suffering from mechanical lower back pain will normally feel pain on movement and stiffness and restriction in movement, symptoms exacerbated by sitting for long periods or driving.

       

      The treatment required depends on the cause of the lower back pain but, if it’s due to mechanical strain, osteopathy can make a huge difference. Get in touch and we will assess whether we can help with a course of treatment.

      Sciatica and Osteopathy

      Sciatica and Osteopathy

      Sciatica is a description, rather than an actual diagnosis, and usually refers to pain radiating from the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back into the buttock, down the back of the leg and sometimes further. It is caused by the pinching or irritating of the sciatic nerve, most commonly from a herniated or ‘slipped’ disc, but also as a result of spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the passage where the spinal cord travels down the spine, and spondylolisthesis, which occurs when a vertebra slips forward and compresses the sciatic nerve. Sometimes the sciatic nerve can simply be reacting to inflammation in that area.

       

      The symptoms can include any or all of the following: back pain on one side, pain in the buttock and the back of the leg, pain in the lower leg and into the foot, and tingling or numbness in the lower leg. There can sometimes be a burning pain in the lower leg and foot. Pain is often made worse by sitting or standing still for long periods of time. Usually leg or buttock pain is worse than the back and sometimes there can even be no back pain at all.

       

      Assessing the cause is the first priority but, in most cases, your sciatic pain can be managed and improved with osteopathy, possibly complemented by lifestyle modifications.

      Repetitive Strain Injuries and Osteopathy

      Repetitive Strain Injuries and Osteopathy

      Repetitive strain injury (RSI) is a general term used to describe the pain felt in muscles, nerves and tendons which is caused by repetitive movement and overuse. The term also covers a work-related upper limb disorder, or non-specific upper limb pain.

       

      The condition mostly affects parts of the upper body, such as the hands, wrists, forearms, elbows, neck and shoulders. RSI pain can be anything from mild to severe and symptoms tend to develop gradually, rather than overnight. People complain of aching, throbbing or tenderness, as well as a tingling, numbing or cramping sensation.

       

      At first, you might only notice symptoms when you’re carrying out a particular repetitive action. But without treatment, the symptoms of RSI may eventually become constant and cause longer periods of pain. You may also get swelling in the affected area, which can last for several months. If symptoms persist, book an initial assessment with us.

      Repetitive Strain Injuries and Osteopathy

      Sports Injuries and Osteopathy

      Sport injuries don’t necessarily occur exclusively in sport, but can result from any physical activity. They can impact many different areas on the body and a combination of different tissues, including muscles, tendons, bones or ligaments. The injuries sustained can include ankle sprains, tennis & golfers elbow, knee ligament/cartilage damage, groin strain, Achilles tendonitis, shin splints, labral tears and more.

       

      Usually, sports injuries are a result of severe trauma. However, they can also be caused by inadequate training practices, faulty equipment, poor posture and not warming up or stretching adequately. You can also be predisposed to injury because of poor flexibility, or muscular weakness and fatigue.

       

      Mechanical compensation can also cause sport injury. A good example is a golfer who is predisposed to a back injury because they have poor hip rotation. This lack of mobility will lead to altered force transference through the tissues of the body, resulting in the greatest amount of torque occurring in the lower back and placing inordinate strain on that area. By the same token, runners typically get Achilles tendon injuries because their calf muscles are too tight, or foot mechanics are poor.

      Repetitive Strain Injuries and Osteopathy

      ---

      Most sports injuries manifest themselves in limited movements and sharp pain in the affected area, although some might not be as apparent as others, or may only surface during sport and exercise (a mechanical compensation, for example).

       

      Very often, patients experience long-standing niggles that they do nothing about. These issues go on to become something more significant and patients find they can no longer enjoy sport or a favourite exercise class. It’s far better to catch these problems early, before they become more serious. But whenever you seek treatment, osteopathy can make a significant difference.

       

      As our patients have discovered, it not only reduces the pain of injuries, but improves performance and prevents further problems arising. Overall too it may be detrimental to your sports health in prolong the duration in which you are seen for any sports related injury.

       

      Contact Hills Osteopaths for a qualified consultation today.

    • Osteopathy for pregnant mums, babies and children too!

      Hills Osteopaths. The family friendly osteopathic clinic in Castle Hill

      Osteopathy for pregnant mums

       

      Treatment during pregnancy may help with the discomfort resulting from the strain on the musculo-skeletal system resulting from pregnancy, including back pain. It’s great for new mums too, who may find their pelvis or low back is uncomfortable after giving birth.

       

      Some babies will benefit from a check-up after birth to ensure that their musculo-skeletal system is healthy.

       

      You will always be treated confidentially - and no symptom is too small, too big or too embarrassing to an osteopath!

      Osteopathy for babies and children

       

      When birth is complicated by being unduly slow or fast, or when intervention such as forceps or ventouse or C-section is used, there may be for exa,ple musculo-skeletal effects. Treatment from an osteopath may help improve such effects and other strains in development

       

       

      As children grow older, growth stresses, strains resulting from difficult births, minor trauma (such as falling off a bed or a swing) or sporting injuries may become apparent. Children may benefit from an assessment of their musculo-skeletal system by an osteopath.

    • Contact us for a qualified consultation today

    • Osteopathy - What to expect

       

      You will be asked questions about the reason you have come, for instance how long you have been feeling as you do, how or why things changed, what other effects your complaint is having, as well as questions about your past injuries

       

      A medical history will be taken, followed by a physical, structural and if necessary neurological examination, for which you may be required to change down to underwear or shorts. If you are not comfortable doing this please let us know.

       

      We will also do any tests (i.e. reflexes, mobility) necessary to support a diagnosis. After the examination, and if appropriate, you will receive treatment that will vary according to the cause of your problem and how the treatment affects you individually

       

      If treatment is with cranial osteopathy it may appear as though the osteopath is doing nothing more than placing their hands on you or the patient. Sometimes adults report that they feel things happening in their body away from the site of contact with the treatment and sometimes they feel nothing at all.

      Please feel free to ask questions about any aspect of your consultation or treatment at any time.

      Further details can be found on the Osteopathy Australia website

    • Book an appointment

      Osteopathy is suitable for assisting in the treatment of a range of sports, pain management, paediatric and occupation health related issues.

       

      Contact us today for an informed consultation

       

      Practice details

      Hills Osteopaths is located at :
      1A / 10-12 Old Castle Hill Road. Castle Hill. Sydney. NSW 2154

       

      Email : osteojulian@gmail.com
      Or click the button to be taken to our secure contact form
       

    Hills Osteopaths
    1A / 10-12 Old Castle Hill Road. Castle Hill. NSW 2154

     

    ABN 75 641 848 719

     

    Member of:
    Osteopathy Australia

    Foundation for Paediatric Osteopathy
     

    Design & Marketing : web-aviso

    Terms & Conditions
    Privacy Policy
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    Terms & Conditions
    Hills Osteopaths – Website Terms & Conditions


By continuing to browse and use this website you are agreeing to comply with and be bound by the following terms and conditions of use, which together with our privacy policy governs Hills Osteopaths relationship with you in relation to this website.

The term 'Hills Osteopaths' or 'us' or 'we' refers to Julian Howard the owner of the website. 

The term 'you' refers to the user or viewer of our website.

The use of this website is subject to the following terms of use:

The content of the pages of this website is for your general information and use only. It is subject to change without notice.

Hills Osteopaths do monitor the quality of the information available on this website and updates the information regularly. However, neither we nor any third parties provide any warranty or guarantee as to the accuracy, timeliness, performance, completeness or suitability of the information and materials found or offered on this website for any particular purpose. 

You acknowledge that such information and materials may contain inaccuracies or errors and we expressly exclude liability for any such inaccuracies or errors to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Your use of any information or materials on this website is entirely at your own risk, for which we shall not be liable. It shall be your own responsibility to ensure that any products, services or information available through this website meet your specific requirements.

This website contains material which is owned by or licensed to us. This material includes, but is not limited to, the design, layout, look, appearance and graphics. Reproduction is prohibited other than in accordance with the copyright notice, which forms part of these terms and conditions.

All trademarks reproduced in this website which are not the property of, or licensed to the operator, are acknowledged on the website.

Unauthorised use of this website may give rise to a claim for damages and/or be a criminal offence.

From time to time this website may also include links to other websites. These links are provided for your convenience to provide further information. They do not signify that we endorse the website(s). We have no responsibility for the content of the linked website(s).

Your use of this website and any dispute arising out of such use of the website is subject to the laws of Australia
    ×
    Privacy Policy
    Hills Osteopaths Website Privacy Notice
   
1.   INTRODUCTION  
  
This privacy notice provides you with details of how we collect and process your personal data through your use of our site www.hillsosteopath.com including any information you may provide through our site when you purchase a product or service, sign up to a newsletter or take part in a prize draw or competition.
 
By providing us with your data, you warrant to us that you are over 13 years of age. 
  
Julian Howard [Individual/Sole Trader] Trading as Hills Osteopaths is the data controller and we are responsible for your personal data (referred to as “we”, “us” or “our” in this privacy notice).
  
Contact Details

Our full details are: 
Legal entity: Julian Howard [Individual/Sole Trader] Trading as Hills Osteopaths 
ABN: 75 641 848 719 [Registered 01/01/2008]
Email address:  julian@hillsosteopath.com
Postal address: 1A / 10-12 Old Castle Hill Road. Castle Hill. Sydney. NSW 2154
Telephone number:  02 9659 0515
 
If you are not happy with any aspect of how we collect and use your data, you have the right to complain to the OAIC (Office of the Australian Information Commissioner - https://www.oaic.gov.au). We should be grateful if you would contact us first if you do have a complaint so that we can try to resolve it for you.
   
It is very important that the information we hold about you is accurate and up to date. Please let us know if at any time your personal information changes by emailing us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com
 
2.  WHAT DATA DO WE COLLECT ABOUT YOU FROM OUR WEBSITE 
 
Personal data means any information capable of identifying an individual. It does not include anonymised data.
 
We may process certain types of personal data about you as follows:
 
•	Identity Data may include your first name, maiden name, last name.
•	Contact Data may include your email address and telephone numbers.
•	Technical Data may include your browser type and version, browser plug-in types and versions, time zone setting and location, operating system and platform and other technology on the devices you use to access this site.
•	Usage Data may include information about how you use our website, products and services.
•	Marketing and Communications Data may include your preferences in receiving marketing communications from us and and your communication preferences.
We may also process Aggregated Data from your personal data but this data does not reveal your identity and as such in itself is not personal data. An example of this is where we review your Usage Data to work out the percentage of website users using a specific feature of our site. If we link the Aggregated Data with your personal data so that you can be identified from it, then it is treated as personal data.
Sensitive Data
 
We do not specifically request or collect any Sensitive Data about you from the website. 
Sensitive data refers to data that includes details about your race or ethnicity, religious or philosophical beliefs, sex life, sexual orientation, political opinions, trade union membership, information about your health and genetic and biometric data. 

Where we are required to collect personal data by law, or under the terms of the contract between us and you do not provide us with that data when requested, we may not be able to perform the contract (for example, to deliver goods or services to you). If you don’t provide us with the requested data, we may have to cancel a product or service you have ordered but if we do, we will notify you at the time.
 
3.  HOW WE COLLECT YOUR PERSONAL DATA 
 
We collect data about you through a variety of different methods including:
 
•	Direct interactions: You may provide data by filling in forms on our site (or otherwise) or by communicating with us by post, phone, email or otherwise, including when you:
•	order our products or services;
•	request resources or marketing be sent to you;
•	enter a competition, prize draw, promotion or survey; or
•	give us feedback.
•	Automated technologies or interactions: As you use our site, we may automatically collect Technical Data about your equipment, browsing actions and usage patterns. We collect this data by using cookies, server logs and similar technologies. We may also receive Technical Data about you if you visit other websites that use our cookies. Please see our cookie policy section at the footer of this policy for further details.
•	Third parties or publicly available sources: We may receive personal data about you from various third parties and public sources as set out below: 
•	analytics providers such as Google (based outside the EU)
•	Contact, Financial and Transaction Data from providers of technical, payment and delivery services such as HICAPS other Private Health Funds outside the EU.

4.  HOW WE USE YOUR PERSONAL DATA  
 
We will only use your personal data when legally permitted. The most common uses of your personal data are:
 
•	Where we need to perform the contract between us.
•	Where it is necessary for our legitimate interests and your interests and fundamental rights do not override those interests.
•	Where we need to comply with a legal or regulatory obligation.
 
Generally, we do not rely on consent as a legal ground for processing your personal data, other than in relation to sending marketing communications to you via email or text message. You have the right to withdraw consent to marketing at any time by emailing us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com 
 

Purposes for processing your personal data  
 
Set out below is a description of the ways we intend to use your personal data and the legal grounds on which we will process such data. We have also explained what our legitimate interests are where relevant.
 
We may process your personal data for more than one lawful ground, depending on the specific purpose for which we are using your data. Please email us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com if you need details about the specific legal ground we are relying on to process your personal data where more than one ground has been set out in the table below.
 
Purpose/Activity
Type of data
Lawful basis for processing 

To register you as a new customer
(a) Identity
(b) Contact
Performance of a contract with you

To process and deliver your order including:
(a) Manage payments, fees and charges
(b) Collect and recover money owed to us
(a) Identity
(b) Contact
(c) Financial
(d) Transaction
(e) Marketing and Communications
(a) Performance of a contract with you
(b) Necessary for our legitimate interests to recover debts owed to us

To manage our relationship with you which will include:
(a) Notifying you about changes to our terms or privacy policy
(b) Asking you to leave a review or take a survey
(a) Identity
(b) Contact
(c) Profile
(d) Marketing and Communications
(a) Performance of a contract with you
(b) Necessary to comply with a legal obligation
(c) Necessary for our legitimate interests to keep our records updated and to study how customers use our products/services

To deliver relevant content and advertisements to you and measure and understand the effectiveness of our advertising 
(a) Identity
(b) Contact
(c) Profile
(d) Usage
(e) Marketing and Communications
(f) Technical
Necessary for our legitimate interests to study how customers use our products/services, to develop them, to grow our business and to inform our marketing strategy

To use data analytics to improve our website, products/services, marketing, customer relationships and experiences
(a) Technical
(b) Usage
Necessary for our legitimate interests to define types of customers for our products and services, to keep our site updated and relevant, to develop our business and to inform our marketing strategy

To make suggestions and recommendations to you about goods or services that may be of interest to you
(a) Identity
(b) Contact
(c) Technical
(d) Usage
(e) Profile
Necessary for our legitimate interests to develop our products/services and grow our business

Marketing communications 
 
You may receive marketing communications from us if you have:
(i)	requested information from us or purchased goods or services from us; or 
(ii)	if you provided us with your details and ticked the box at the point of entry of your details for us to send you marketing communications; and
(iii)	in each case, you have not opted out of receiving that marketing. 

We will get your express opt-in consent before we share your personal data with any third party for marketing purposes.
  
You can ask us to stop sending you marketing messages at any time by emailing us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com  
 
Where you opt out of receiving our marketing communications, this will not apply to personal data provided to us as a result of a product/service purchase or service experience.
 
Change of purpose  
 
We will only use your personal data for the purposes for which we collected it, unless we reasonably consider that we need to use it for another reason and that reason is compatible with the original purpose. If you wish to find out more about how the processing for the new purpose is compatible with the original purpose, please email us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com

 If we need to use your personal data for a purpose unrelated to the purpose for which we collected the data, we will notify you and we will explain the legal ground of processing.
 
We may process your personal data without your knowledge or consent where this is required or permitted by law.
 
5.  DISCLOSURES OF YOUR PERSONAL DATA  
 
We may have to share your personal data for the purposes set out in the table in paragraph 4 above:
 
•	Professional advisers including lawyers, bankers, auditors and insurers who provide consultancy, banking, legal, insurance and accounting services.
•	Regulators and other authorities and other relevant jurisdictions who require reporting of processing activities in certain circumstances.
•	Strikingly Inc – who host our website CMS and form data in the US
•	S.J.Drury / Web-aviso in UK whom we contract our website maintenance and internet marketing services who has logins to all related services including sight of form submitted data.  (See section 6. International Transfers)    
We require all third parties to whom we transfer your data to respect the security of your personal data and to treat it in accordance with the both Australian and EEA data privacy and protection laws. We only allow such third parties to process your personal data for specified purposes and in accordance with our instructions.
 
6.  INTERNATIONAL TRANSFERS  

Countries outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) do not always offer the same levels of protection to your personal data, so European law has prohibited transfers of personal data outside of the EEA unless the transfer meets certain criteria.
 
Many of our third parties service providers are based outside the European Economic Area (EEA) so their processing of your personal data will involve a transfer of data outside the EEA.
 
Whenever we transfer your personal data out of the EEA, we do our best to ensure a similar degree of security of data by ensuring at least one of the following safeguards is implemented:
 
•	We will only transfer your personal data to countries that have been deemed to provide an adequate level of protection for personal data by the European Commission; or
•	Where we use certain service providers, we may use specific contracts or codes of conduct or certification mechanisms approved by the European Commission which give personal data the same protection it has in Europe; or
•	Where we use providers based in the United States, we may transfer data to them if they are part of the EU-US Privacy Shield which requires them to provide similar protection to personal data shared between the Europe and the US.
If none of the above safeguards is available, we may request your explicit consent to the specific transfer. You will have the right to withdraw this consent at any time.
Please email us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com if you want further information on the specific mechanism used by us when transferring your personal data.
 
7.  DATA SECURITY  
 
We have put in place appropriate security measures to prevent your personal data from being accidentally lost, used or accessed in an unauthorised way, altered or disclosed. In addition, we limit access to your personal data to those employees, agents, contractors and other third parties who have a business need to know such data. They will only process your personal data on our instructions and they are subject to a duty of confidentiality.
 
We have put in place procedures to deal with any suspected personal data breach and will notify you and any applicable regulator of a breach where we are legally required to do so.
 
8.  DATA RETENTION  
  
We will only retain your personal data for as long as necessary to fulfil the purposes we collected it for, including for the purposes of satisfying any legal, accounting, or reporting requirements. As such we deem retention for 2 years sufficient. 
 
To determine the appropriate retention period for personal data, we consider the amount, nature, and sensitivity of the personal data, the potential risk of harm from unauthorised use or disclosure of your personal data, the purposes for which we process your personal data and whether we can achieve those purposes through other means, and the applicable legal requirements.
  
In some circumstances you can ask us to delete your data: see below for further information.
 
In some circumstances we may anonymise your personal data (so that it can no longer be associated with you) for research or statistical purposes in which case we may use this information indefinitely without further notice to you.
 
9.  YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS  
 
Under certain circumstances, you have rights under data protection laws in relation to your personal data. These include the right to:
 
•	Request access to your personal data.
•	Request correction of your personal data.
•	Request erasure of your personal data.
•	Object to processing of your personal data.
•	Request restriction of processing your personal data.
•	Request transfer of your personal data.
•	Right to withdraw consent.
You can see more about these rights at: https://www.oaic.gov.au/individuals
If you wish to exercise any of the rights set out above, please email us at hillsosteopaths@gmail.com  

You will not have to pay a fee to access your personal data (or to exercise any of the other rights). However, we may charge a reasonable fee if your request is clearly unfounded, repetitive or excessive. Alternatively, we may refuse to comply with your request in these circumstances.
  
We may need to request specific information from you to help us confirm your identity and ensure your right to access your personal data (or to exercise any of your other rights). This is a security measure to ensure that personal data is not disclosed to any person who has no right to receive it. We may also contact you to ask you for further information in relation to your request to speed up our response.
  
We try to respond to all legitimate requests within one month. Occasionally it may take us longer than a month if your request is particularly complex or you have made a number of requests. In this case, we will notify you and keep you updated.
 
 10. THIRD-PARTY LINKS  
 
This website may include links to third-party websites, plug-ins and applications. Clicking on those links or enabling those connections may allow third parties to collect or share data about you. We do not control these third-party websites and are not responsible for their privacy statements. When you leave our website, we encourage you to read the privacy notice of every website you visit.
 
11. COOKIES  
 
You can set your browser to refuse all or some browser cookies, or to alert you when websites set or access cookies. If you disable or refuse cookies, please note that some parts of this website may become inaccessible or not function properly. 


•	What is a cookie?

A "cookie" is a piece of information that is stored on your computer's hard drive and which records how you move your way around a website so that, when you revisit that website, it can present tailored options based on the information stored about your last visit. Cookies can also be used to analyse traffic and for advertising and marketing purposes. 
  
Cookies are used by nearly all websites and do not harm your system. 

If you want to check or change what types of cookies you accept, this can usually be altered within your browser settings. You can block cookies at any time by activating the setting on your browser that allows you to refuse the setting of all or some cookies. However, if you use your browser settings to block all cookies (including essential cookies) you may not be able to access all or parts of our site.
  

•	How do we use cookies?

We use cookies to track your use of our website. This enables us to understand how you use the site and track any patterns with regards how you are using our website. This helps us to develop and improve our website as well as products and / or services in response to what you might need or want.
  
•	Cookies are either: 

-	Session cookies: these are only stored on your computer during your web session and are automatically deleted when you close your browser – they usually store an anonymous session ID allowing you to browse a website without having to log in to each page but they do not collect any personal data from your computer; or

-	Persistent cookies: a persistent cookie is stored as a file on your computer and it remains there when you close your web browser. The cookie can be read by the website that created it when you visit that website again. We use persistent cookies for Google Analytics.

•	Cookies can also be categorised as follows: 

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